Are great tits (Parus major) really optimal foragers?
نویسندگان
چکیده
In this study, we test the classical prey model of optimal-foraging theory with great tits (Parus major) feeding on two types of mealworms presented on a conveyor belt. Contrary to the results of some previous experiments, prey types were given to birds in random order, therefore birds could not predict their next prey item. We tested birds’ diet choices at four different prey-encounter rates. Our results show that in 95% of cases great tits consumed the more profitable prey type upon encounter. On the other hand, consumption of the less profitable prey type did not differ statistically from the “always-attack” strategy in 77% of cases when the rate of encounter with the more profitable prey was below a critical value, and did differ from that strategy in 67% of cases when the rate of encounter with the more profitable prey was above that critical value. Contrary to predictions of the classical prey model of optimal-foraging theory, our birds never completely excluded the less profitable prey type from their diet. We also estimated the functional responses of individual birds with respect to the more profitable prey type; birds’ diet changes occurred too slowly to make these functional responses stabilizing. Résumé : Nous avons éprouvé le modèle classique de prédation de la théorie de la quête optimale chez des mésanges charbonnières (Parus major) nourries de deux types de vers de farine présentés sur une courroie de transport. Contrairement à des expériences antérieures, les proies étaient offertes ici aux oiseaux dans un ordre aléatoire, si bien que les oiseaux ne pouvaient jamais savoir quelle proie allait suivre. Nous avons examiné le choix des oiseaux dans quatre tests où les proies étaient présentées chaque fois selon un taux différent. Nos résultats montrent que les mésanges ont consommé les proies les plus profitables dans 95 % des cas. D’autre part, la consommation des proies les moins profitables ne différait pas statistiquement des résultats de la stratégie d’« attaque à tout coup » dans 77 % des cas où le taux d’exposition aux proies les plus profitables était sous un point critique, mais différait des résultats de la même stratégie dans 67 % des cas où le taux d’exposition était au-dessus de ce point critique. Contrairement aux prédictions de la théorie de la quête optimale classique, les mésanges n’ont jamais entièrement exclus de leur régime les proies moins profitables. Nous avons également estimé les réponses fonctionnelles d’individus en présence du type de proies le plus profitable; les changements dans le régime alimentaire se sont avérés trop lents pour que ces réponses fonctionnelles aient un effet stabilisant. [Traduit par la Rédaction] Berec et al. 788
منابع مشابه
Urban Great Tits (Parus major) Show Higher Distress Calling and Pecking Rates than Rural Birds across Europe
Citation: Senar JC, Garamszegi LZ, Tilgar V, Biard C, Moreno-Rueda G, Salmón P, Rivas JM, Sprau P, Dingemanse NJ, Charmantier A, Demeyrier V, Navalpotro H and Isaksson C (2017) Urban Great Tits (Parus major) Show Higher Distress Calling and Pecking Rates than Rural Birds across Europe. Front. Ecol. Evol. 5:163. doi: 10.3389/fevo.2017.00163 Urban Great Tits (Parus major) Show Higher Distress Cal...
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